Combat

Unlike other parts of the game, Combat has fairly specific rules.

Taking Turns

Combat is a special case of Turn Order play (see Basic Rules) using the following structure:

• Initiative Modifier: in combat, a character's Initiative Modifier (INIT) is their (INT + COO) ÷ 5 (see the Derived Stat in Character Creation).
• Action allotment:
  • either one Standard Action and one Quick Action, or
  • three Quick Actions.

Since Task Actions are not given in the action allotment, Task Actions are not tracked during Combat; see Turn Order Play. In combat, a turn is about 3 seconds; therefore, there are about 20 turns in a minute.

The Combat Grid

We usually track positions and movement in combat using a square grid, with each square being 1m to a side. Most creatures (those that are Small-, Normal- or Large-sized) usually take up one square, and can reach (and thus threaten) the adjacent squares. Distances (like ranges for attacks) are usually measured directly and then rounded to the nearest whole meter. (That is, we usually use a euclidian metric; this is different from some other games.) Distances while moving are also directly measured, although they depend on the exact path travelled (if you can't easily measure a path, you can break it into "cardinal" and "diagnoal" steps, and assume that a "diagonal step" covers 1.5 meters).

Traditionally, the direction a character is facing is not tracked.

Moving Around

Movement Modes

As a quick action, a character may move using one of their movements modes. Movement modes have a base and full rate; they can move up to their full rate, but if they move more than their base rate, they take a -10 penalty to all physical actions until the beginning of their next turn. (Essentially, you can walk or run, but running imposes a -10 penalty.)

Stunts

Characters can also perform stunts. Stunts are used when your character attempts unusual, difficult maneuvers — when they jump, tumble, flip, climb (if they don’t have Climb as a movement mode), swing and so on.

The details of stunts are largely left open to the imagination of players and the discretion of GMs. The type of action varies: rolling under a hazard might be a quick action, but climbing a trellis might be a standard action (again, for a character without Climb as a movement mode). Similarly, how far the character is moved will also vary (in general, GMs should move characters by either their base or full rates). Stunts almost always require a test using an appropriate movement skill (this is usually Athletics for humanoid creatures).

Stunts may have other affects besides simply moving a character; a dive-and-roll may allow a character to end their turn prone behind cover, for example, or a flip off a table may allow a character to vaults over an enemy and land facing their back.

Examples for a Humanoid character are given in the table below:

Unusual Movement

Sometimes, characters might attempt to move in a way that isn't directly covered by one of their Movement Modes; we call this unusual movement. If a Human climbs a tree, a Herder crawls along the ground, or a Clay Man attempts to support itself on two psuedopods and "walk" like a humanoid, then they are using unusual movement.

Unlike a stunt, unusual movement isn't necessarily difficult, and so it usually doesn't require a check — although it might require basic proficiency in an appropriate skill (like Athletics), and it might require a specific proficiency.

Unusual Movement is usually less efficient than movement directly covered by a movement mode. Characters using unusual movement usually move at half the base rate for their most applicable movement. (For a Humanoid character, this is usually their Foot movement.) Unusual movement is also often exhausting; characters can't usually use unusual movement to cover great distances (at least without requiring an athletics check).

Of course, the unusual movement that a character wants to use has to be physically possible; a Human character can't choose to flap their arms and fly as an unusual movement.

Examples for a Humanoid character are given in the table below:

Charging

Sometimes you want to have some momentum behind a blow. A character can declare a charge before they move; they can then move up to the Full rate for the movement mode they're using to charge. Because a charging character is attempting to build up momentum, they will always be treated as if they had moved more than their base rate (and thus take a -10 penalty to their physical actions) regardless of how far they actually move. (A "charging move" otherwise uses all the normal rules for movement, and is a Quick Action)

After declaring a charge, if the character then moves far enough to build up speed (usually 3m), they then deal +DB DV to all their (physical, melee) attacks for the remainder of their turn.

Characters can brace to receive a charge; see Receiving a Charge, below.

The "Single-Movement" Rule

Normally, a character is only allowed to use one of their actions to move in any given turn; that is, they cannot use three Quick Actions to move with a Movement Mode three times, for example. We call this the Single-Movement Rule.

The Single-Movement Rule is subject to the Follow-Through Exception. At the GM's discretion, a character can use one of their Movement Modes immediately before or after using some Stunts. For example, a character could use a Quick Action to run, and then use another Quick Action to perform a hand-spring (as a Stunt); or they could use a Quick Action to vault a counter (as a Stunt), and then break into a run (as a Quick Action).

Attacking

Attack Basics

Attacking a target — whether in melee, with a ranged weapon, or some other way — is a Standard Action requiring an Ordered Opposed Check. First, the attacker rolls a check using their attack skill; then, if the attacker succeeded, the defender rolls a check using their defence skill. If the attacker wins, then the attack hits, and the defender takes the given damage value (DV) (most weapons, natural weapons, and powers will list their damage; it is usually partly random, requiring a die roll); if the defender wins, the attack missed, and the defender takes no damage.

If the attacker has an MoS of 30 or more, they gain +5 DV. If their MoS was 60 or more, they gain an additional +5 DV (for a total of +10 DV). If the attacker scores a critical success, then the die-roll is maximized — for example, if the DV is 1d10+5, the defender would take 15 damage.

• Attacker MoS > 30: +5 DV
• Attacker MoS > 60: +5 more DV (+10 DV total)
• Attacker critical success: maximize dice

Attack and Defense Skills

Generally, when attacking, characters use the attack skill appropriate to the weapon. For most melee weapons, this will be either Melee Weapons or Pole-Arms. For unarmed attacks (like punches, kicks, grabs, or throws) or attacks with natural weapons (like bites or claws), this is usually Unarmed Combat.

Defenders sometimes have a choice of skills. Fray is the most general defense skill; it can be used to defend against most attacks (and many other hazards). Defenders can also use their own melee attack skills to defend against melee attacks (assuming they have an appropriate weapon, of course); we refer to this as parrying. For example, a character with a sword could use their Melee Weapons to defend against someone attacking them with a halberd. Characters with basic proficiency in Unarmed Combat can also defend with that skill, although they will take a penalty when defending against an armed opponent (see Unarmed Combat, below).

Sometimes — for example, when moving evasively — characters can defend with movement skills (like Athletics).

Usually these methods of defense aren't reactions; see below.

Melee Attacks

In order to make a melee attack against a character, you normally need to be armed with a melee weapon, and they need to be within reach (but see also Unarmed Combat below). Most melee weapons can be used against characters up to 1m away (in a combat grid with 1m squares, this means that you can attack characters in adjacent squares); some weapons have the Reach tag, and can be used against more distant targets (see the tag's description in Items).

You threaten any character that you could make a melee attack against.

Ranged Attacks

Ranged attacks (projectile weapons, thrown weapons, and some powers) generally use the same rules as other types of attacks, with a few additions.

Range

Ranged attacks have range increments; they are given below, with their associated penalty.

• short: no modifier
• medium: -10
• long: -20
• extreme: -30

Most weapons and powers will list their ranges. The categories are often given in order, separated by slashes. For example, "Range: 50m/100m/150m/200m" would mean that short range is up to 50m, medium range is up to 100m, long range is up to 150m, and extreme range is up to 200m.

You can use the following guidelines for thrown attacks, adjusted for the weight and aerodynamics of the projectile:

• short: up to 5 meters
• medium: up to 15m
• long: up to 30m
• extreme: up to 45m

Scatter

Ranged attacks that miss may scatter.

We provide a certain amount of flexibility in determining scatter; mainly, it just needs to be random and reasonable. GMs may use one of the following methods for scatter, or invent their own:

• Method 1: roll 2d10. One d10 indicates the scatter direction (with 1 being north, and counting around; for a square grid, there are 8 adjacent squares, so discard 9 and 10 results), and the other the distance (in meters).
• Method 2: with a physical table, roll 1d10. The result is the distance in meters, and the direction the dice is pointing indicates the scatter direction.

Scatter is mainly a concern when the weapon also has the Blast property; we usually don’t worry about where an arrow scatters to.

Point-Blank Attacks

A ranged attack against a target at point-blank range (that is, against a target in an adjacent space) suffers a -20 penalty.

Ammunition

Projectile weapons (like bows) require ammunition.

For most weapons, we don't track common ammunition; that is, they do not need to purchase ammunition separately, or keep track of how much they have and how much they have used. We assume that ammunition is readily available enough that characters can always have enough.

We do, however, track special ammunition; this includes ammunition that is made of special materials, that is expensive, that is magical, or that is otherwise unusual. It must be purchased separately, and must keep track of it as they expend it.

Additionally, some unusual weapons have costly or unusual ammo, and this must be also be purchased and tracked separately. (If a weapon's normal ammunition has to be tracked, it will say so in its rules.)

Reloading

A weapon's description will specify what kind of action is required to reload the weapon (or that it cannot be reloaded, should that be the case). Some weapons don't require a discrete action to be reloaded; readying an arrow, for example, is part of making an attack with a bow.

Touch-Only and Indicate-Only Attacks

Sometimes, notably when using some powers, an attacker only needs to touch their target. These use all the normal rules for an attack, except that they are easier: the attacker may use either COO+SOM+SOM or their Unarmed Combat skill (no proficiency required), and they receive a +20 bonus. The defender takes a -20 penalty to their defence.

Similarly, sometimes, notably when using some Powers, an attacker only needs to direct an effect to a target – by pointing at their target, for example, or by fixing their gaze on the target. These attacks work like normal ranged attacks, except that the attacker may use either 3×COO or their Ranged Weapons skill (no proficiency is required), and they receive a +20 bonus. The defender takes a -20 penalty.

Un-Aware Targets

Characters who are not aware that they are being attacked cannot defend The attacker must still roll their attack check, but it is unnoposed, and the defender takes damage if the attacker succeeds. (PCs and major NPCs should usually be allowed a Perception Check to notice a hidden attacker. Also, people usually take notice after they have been attacked.)

Blind Attacks

Normally, characters don't threaten targets that they can't see; any attempt to hit such a target will fare little better than chance. This means that an attack against a target that the attacker cannot see must either make a check for a Stroke of Luck or use a TN of 50, whichever is worse.

Armor and Armor Penetration

Some characters have an armor value (AV); Armor Values usually come from either worn armor, racial traits (like Gnoll's Thick Hide), or powers (like Master). Conversely, some damage sources (like weapon attacks) have an armor penetration (AP).

When a character takes attack damage, first subtract the attacks' armor penetration from the defenders armor value, then subtract the remaining armor value from the attack's damage value; the defender takes the remaining DV. That is:

Defender's Damage = attack's Damage Value - (defender's Armor Value - attack's Armor Penetration)

See Armors in Items for further rules for worn armor.

Special Actions in Combat

Drawing and Dropping Weapons

Drawing or sheathing a weapon is Quick Action; dropping a weapon is a Free Action.

Aiming

A character can aim at a target (that they can see) as a Quick Action. After doing so, they gain a +10 bonus to attacks against the target that they aimed at until the end of their turn.

(Note that the attack does not need to be a ranged attack; you can use the rules for aiming to carefully place a melee attack, for example.)

Full Defense

During your turn, you may take a Standard Action to focus on defending yourself. If you do, until your next turn starts, you receive a +20 bonus to checks to defend.

Bracing

Weapons with the Brace tag can be used to prepare to receive a charge.

Bracing such a weapon to receive a charge is a Standard Action. After bracing, until your next turn, if anyone charges you (see Charging), they provoke an Attack of Opportunity from you (see Reactions). If you hit a charging character with a braced weapon, you deal +DB DV; however, you do not prevent them from completing the charge (by attacking you), unless you incapacitate them with your attack (by disabling them, or by dealing a wound and knocking them prone, for example).

Strikes

A strike is a modification to a normal attack. To make a strike, you take a penalty on your attack; if you score an Exceptional Success, in addition to the normal affects of the attack, you gain the listed Result.

You decide if your attack is going to be a strike before you make it (since you have to take a penalty on the attack). An attack can only be one kind of Strike. (You can’t take a -20 penalty to have an attack be both a Called Shot and a Knock Down, for example.)

• Called Shot

  • Penalty: -10
  • Result: you strike the target in a specified location (you pick the location before your attack).
  • This one is a catch-all, with results up to the GM.
  • Special: the attack gains the Precision tag

• Knock Down

  • Penalty: -10
  • Result: your opponent must attempt a SOM×2 check or be knocked prone.
  • Special: must be a melee attack.

• Maim

  • Penalty: -20
  • Result: You maim your opponent, removing a specific limb. You can use this to lop off a hand, break a knee or gouge out an eye.
  • Special: the attack gains the Precision tag.

• Mighty Blow

  • Penalty: -10
  • Result: You strike your opponent with particular force; you gain +DB to your DV.
  • Special: must be a melee attack.

• Strike an Armor Gap

  • Penalty: -10
  • Result: You strike a weak spot in the opponent’s Armor; you gain +DB to your AP.
  • Special: the attack gains the Precision tag.

Maneuvers

A maneuver is like an attack, but it doesn't deal damage; instead, if the attacker succeeds, it has some other effect. Each maneuver will list the type of action required, the check, and the results.

The following list is by no means exhaustive; players and GMs should feel free to devise and attempt new during play.

• Disarm

  • Action: Standard Action
  • Test: Attacker's Melee attack vs. defender's Melee Attack or Fray
  • Result: If the attacker wins, the defender is disarmed, forcing them to drop one held item (like a weapon or shield).
  • Special: the attacker picks the items to be dropped before the check is rolled.

• Feint

  • Action: Quick Action
  • Test: Attacker's Deception vs. defender’s Resist Social Manipulation or Read
  • Result: if the attacker wins, until the beginning of their next turn, the defender takes a -20 penalty to their defense.

• Grab

  • Action: Standard Action
  • Test: Attacker's Unarmed Combat vs. defender's Fray or Unarmed Combat.
  • Result: if the attacker wins, they grab the opponent. The opponent cannot easily move or act.
    • The results are at the GM’s discretion, but normally grabbed characters cannot take any other actions besides attempting to escape the grab.
  • A grabbed character can attempt to break a grapple; this is an opposed check, the grabbed character's Unarmed Combat or STR+SOM versus the grabbing character's Unarmed Combat or STR+SOM. If the grabbed character wins, they break free.

• Trip

  • Action: Standard Action
  • Test: Attacker's Melee Attack vs. defender's Fray
  • Result: If the attacker wins, the defender falls prone.

Special

• Catch

  • Some weapons are designed to catch an opponent’s weapon; these weapons have the catch tag.
  • When you are attacked while wielding a weapon with the catch tag, rather than defending as normal, you can decide to attempt to catch your opponent’s weapon.
  • This works like normal defence, except that you take a -10 penalty. If you win and score an exceptional success, then you have caught your opponent’s weapon (in addition to successfully defending against their attack).
  • While you have caught an opponent’s weapon, neither you nor they can attack with the involved weapons or move.
  • During your turn, you may release your opponent’s weapon as a Free Action. You may also attempt to Disarm the weapon that you have caught; if you do, you gain a +10 bonus.
  • Your opponent may let go of the caught weapon as a Free Action; alternatively, they may attempt to break the weapon free as a Quick Action with SOM+STR check.
  • Attempting to catch is a reaction, see Reactions in Combat.

• Dismount

  • I’m honestly at a bit of a loss as to how to write this one. Maybe we shouldn’t?
  • Should we make it a modified version of bracing to receive a charge? A special attack? An action you can attempt any time you strike a mounted rider?

• Shield Bash

  • A character can attempt to attac an opponent with their shield.
  • This is resolved as an attack with a melee weapon (the character needs to have basic proficiency in Melee, but not specific proficiency is required).
  • A shield bash does 1d10+1+DB DV, and has AP 0.
  • Note that the construction or use of some shields might make a shield bash impossible.
  • Shields are often held in the off hand, and so appropriate penalties would apply (see Multiple Weapons and Multiple Attacks).

Examples

A goblin gang-member has figured out that she cannot get past Chandra’s armor, so she decides to strike an armor gap. She attacks Chandra, rolling her One-Handed Weapons (normally 60, but 50 with the penalty for the trick) against Chandra’s Fray (60). The goblin ganger rolls a 21, and Chandra rolls a 73; the Goblin hits Chandra and deals damage like normal, but she doesn’t get the bonus to AP she was hoping for, since she didn’t score an Exceptional Success.

Track is fighting a monster that attacked the party in a frozen monastery. The fight isn’t going well, so he decides he needs to knock it down and get away. He tries to Knock it Down, and rolls his One-Handed Weapons (normally a 70, but a 60 with the penalty for the trick) against it’s Fray (70). He scores a 41, and the monster scores a 13; Track gets to deal his normal damage — including the +5 bonus for scoring an exceptional success — and then the monster has to roll its SOM×2 or be knocked prone.

Note: there’s no reason you can’t spend moxie on these checks. As an example: Lady Katarina has snuck up behind a watchman guarding a slaver encampment; she wants to dispatch him quickly, so she decides to throw a knife at his neck using Maim. She rolls her Ranged Weapons (normally 60, but 40 with the penalty), and gets a 21: she hit him, but she didn’t strike the mortal blow she wanted. (He doesn’t get to defend, because he’s un-aware of her, see Un-Aware Targets in Combat.) She decides she really needs to dispatch him, so she spends a Luck to upgrade her attack to an Exceptional Success; now, not only will she get the +5 DV for an exceptional success, but she’s hit him in the neck — a fatal blow!

Multiple Weapons and Multiple Attacks

Under some circumstances, characters can make multiple attacks at once; for example, a character wielding multiple weapons could choose to attack with each weapon that they are wielding. When making multiple attacks, only one Standard Action is required, but each attack is resolved separately (using all the normal rules for attacks); each attack suffers a -10 penalty.

When making multiple attacks, each attack does not have to have the same target; instead, each attack can be directed at a specific target. When attacking multiple targets in this way, each attack suffers an additional -10 penalty.

Off-Hand Weapons: most characters (i.e. those without an appropriate Trait or Racial ability) have a dominant hand and an off-hand. Attacks made with the off-hand suffer a -10 penalty. If the weapon you are using in your off-hand does not have the Off-Hand tag, you suffer an additional -10 penalty.

Resistance and Vulnerability

Some creature, objects or armors have special Resistances or Vulnerabilities. The Resistance or Vulnerability will name the Tags to which they apply, and what affect the resistance or vulnerability has; any attack or effect that matches the tag will then be modified as specified. For example, "Resistance: Fire (DV÷2)" would mean that any damage done with an attack (or effect) with the Fire tag is halved; "Vulnerability: Cold (DV+3)" would mean that attacks with the Cold tag deal an extra 3 DV.

Of course, resistances and vulnerabilities can do things other than modify DV. A spirit of snow and frost might have *Vulnerability: Fire (Melts)", for example. Likewise, a creature that's particularly resistant to psychic manipulation might have "Resistance: Sleights (+WIL to checks to resist)".

Sometimes a Resistance or Vulnerability might say to modify a property that an attack or effect doesn't have. For example, "Resistance: Fire (DV÷2)" would not effect an attack with the Fire tag if that attack didn't actually deal damage. Normally, in this case, that part of the Resistance or Vulnerability simply doesn't apply; you can't half the DV of an attack that doesn't have a DV, after all, so you would just ignore that effect.

In special circumstances, a GM might decide that a resistance or vulnerability has some other effect. If a creature has "Resistance: Fire (Immune)", a GM might declare that a power that uses fire to frighten its target would not affect that creature.

Resistance and Vulnerability 2

Some creature, objects or armors have special Resistances or Vulnerabilities. The Resistance or Vulnerability will name the Tags to which they apply; any attack or effect with a matching tag will be subject to the Resistance or Vulnerability. They may also have a level; assume the resistance or vulnerability is level 1 if it is not specified. For example, "Resistance: Fire" would mean that a character has 1 level of resistance against attacks with the fire tag; "Vulnerability: Ice 2" would mean that the creature has two points of vulnerability to attacks with the ice tag.

Reactions

Under some situations, you can take an action (or you will be forced to take an action) even though it isn’t your turn. An action taken outside of your turn is called a reaction. Once you take a reaction, you cannot take another reaction until the end of your next turn. (Roughly, you only get one reaction per turn cycle.)

Readied Actions

If you'd like to prepare a response to something that might happen later, you can ready an action. When you ready an action, you must specify another Standard Action and a condition or event; if the condition or event occurs before your next turn, you may choose to take the action that you specified.

Readying an action is a Standard Action; activating a readied action is a Reaction.

Attacks of Opportunity

If a character who you threaten attempts to move away from you or past you, you may make an attack against them (using all the normal rules for an attack).

Hitting an opponent with an attack of opportunity doesn’t necessarily hinder their movement, unless you also incapacitate them with your attack (by knocking them down, for example).

An Attack of Opportunity is a Reaction.

Reacting to Events

Sometimes events may demand an immediate response: you might want to grab hold of a rope if the floor breaks beneath you, or you might want to catch something that someone has thrown to you. These are also Reactions.

Special Defence

Normally, defending against an attack — with Fray, or by parrying — is not a reaction. However, most special defenses are reactions: defending with a strike or a maneuver usually requires a reaction, for example, and most powers that trigger on a successful defense require a reaction. (For example, some of the links in a Chain are Reactions, and the Quick Break power is a Reaction; see the Classes and Powers chapters.)

Unarmed Combat and Natural Weapons

Some characters have learned to fight without a weapon, by striking opponents with punches, kicks, and other unarmed attacks; other characters have natural weapons, like claws, fangs, or spiked tails.

Unarmed Combat

Most unarmed attacks — punches, kicks, and other strikes — works work much like any other attack. Attacks with punches, kicks, and so on have the Unarmed Attack tag; note that some creatures and armors may have resistance to unarmed attacks. The base damage for an unarmed attack is 1d10+DB DV with no AP.

A character who is unarmed is at a disadvantage against an armed or armored opponent. A character who does not have basic proficiency (see Basic Rules) in Unarmed Combat does not threaten opponents next to them, and they cannot use the Unarmed Combat skill to defend themselves against an armed opponent. A character who does have basic proficiency in Unarmed Combat can use that skill to fight an armed opponent, but they take a -10 penalty when attacking, and a -20 penalty when defending. A character who attempts to strike an armored opponent while unarmed is at risk of injury (for obvious reasons); if they score an exceptional failure on their attack, they take 1d10÷2 DV. Note that this applies to strikes, but not to grapples, throws, sweeps, or similar maneuvers.

Conversely, characters wearing armor will do additional damage with an unarmed attack. Characters gain AV÷3 bonus damage to unarmed attacks, for the highest AV among the armors that they’re wearing.

Natural Weapons

Some characters have natural weapons, like claws, fangs, or a spiked tail.

Attacks with natural weapons have the Natural Weapon tag (and don’t have the Unarmed Attack tag). Natural weapons don't use the base damage for an unarmed attack; instead, they will list their own damage an AP (like an artificial weapon does).

A character with a natural weapon is generally treated like an armed character; they threaten characters next to them, and can attack and defend against armed and armored characters. A character using a natural weapon takes only a -10 penalty when defending against an armed character.

Attacks with natural weapons still use the Unarmed Combat skill; each natural weapon requires a specific proficiency (for example, Unarmed Combat (Claws), or Unarmed Combat (Fangs)).

Mounted Combat

• Mounted warriors are highly effective combatants: they are highly mobile; they can wear heavy armor and carry heavy weapons; they are harder to strike, as the rider is out of easy reach of a combatant on foot; and they are capable of mighty charges.

• For simplicity, we do not give the mount a separate turn from its rider, or track its actions separately; instead, the rider simply uses the mount’s movement modes, and can use the mount’s attacks (should it have any).

• If the user is proficient in riding, then no test is required to use the mount’s normal movement (and attacks); Ride is a Movement Skill, see Movement Skills.

  • However, in order to be ridden in combat, the mount has to have been trained for war — or has to be from a species that is not frightened by battle.

• The mount and rider can be attacked separately, and mounts can be wounded using all the normal rules.

  • The rider, however, is difficult to attack, being above and out-of-reach for most normal-sized characters. Attacks against the rider suffer a -20 penalty.
  • A mount’s wounds apply penalties to its actions, including its attacks and any checks caused by its movement, but not to the rider’s attacks.
  • If a mount falls — either because it is wounded and fails its check to remain standing, or for some other reason — then the rider may be thrown off, or even pinned under it. The rider should make a COO+COO+SOM test; if they succeed, they are thrown clear; if they fail, they may be trapped in their saddle — or even pinned under the mount.

• Mounted charges are particularly vicious.

  • A mounted charge uses all the normal rules for a charge, except that the charging character gains an additional +DB on their attack, and they may use the mount’s STR rather than their own to compute their DB.

  • A charging character doesn’t have to end their movement after attacking; instead, they can continue to ride along, attacking characters as they ride pass. These are called ride-by attacks.

    • These attacks use all the rules for a charge, as well as for making multiple attacks against multiple targets, as above.
    • That is, under normal conditions, they gain an additional +DB to their attack, can use the mounts STR to compute their DV, and suffer both the -10 penalty for making multiple attacks and the -10 penalty for attacking multiple targets.
    • Note: it’s a ride-by attack if you attack during the middle of your movement instead of the end, even if you only attack on target.

• Some weapons are not well-suited for use while mounted; weapons without the Cavalry tag take a -20 penalty when used while riding a mount.

Blast and Splash Attacks

Some attacks cover an area, rather than affecting a single target; these usually have the Blast or Splash tags.

Attacks with the Blast tag do their listed damage where the attack emanates from, and 2 DV less for every meter away from that point. (Note that this means that the rolled DV effectively determines the size of the blast produced by the blast effect.) People in area of affect of a Blast Attack usually will not be able to Defend against it — you’re either in the explosion or you aren’t!

Some attacks cover an area, but they don't (immediately) do damage; these attacks usually have the Splash tag. Instead, those within the area of the splash attack are affected by it. Since they don't deal DV, splash attacks usually list a radius (like 1d10÷3m for a thrown canister of scour, see Scour in Items). Like Blast attacks, creatures in the area of a Splash Attack cannot usually defend — they're either in the area or they aren't.

These abilities are common with projectile and thrown weapons (or powers that work similarly). When this happens, the point that the attack "emanates form" is the point that the projectile landed — either where the player was aiming, or where the projectile scattered to (see Ranged Attacks above).

Size and Combat

We do not have extensive rules for how sizes impact combat; some general guidelines are provided below.

• Ranged attacks against small targets receive a -10 penalty; however, attempts to grapple small targets are made at +10.
• Ranged attacks against large targets receive a +10 bonus; however, attempts to grapple large targets are made at -10.
• Greater bonuses and penalties may be used for larger size differences.
• see Sizes in Senses, Movements and Special Abilities.

Being Prone

You may drop prone as a Quick Action. Some effects will force you to become prone (without requiring an action), like failing a SOM×3 check after being wounded, or being tripped. Getting up from a prone position is a Quick Action.

While prone,

• you may move up to half your base movement as a Standard Action;
• melee attackers receive a +10 bonus against you, and
• ranged attackers take a -10 penalty against you.
• Most weapons are more difficult to use, imposing a -30 penalty attack; this does not apply to weapons with the prone tag.

Cover

Characters can take cover, using solid obstructions to prevent and attacker from being able to reach them. We generally divide cover into three types: minimal, partial, and total; the effects of each are described below.

• Minimal cover doesn't really conceal the defender from the attacker, but it does make the attack slightly more awkward. A support-beam, banister, cattle-fence, or young tree might provide minimal cover.
• Partial cover obscures about half of the defender, providing them substantial protection from attacks. For example, a bench, a solid fence, shallow trench, or half-opened door might provide partial cover.
• Total cover completely obscures the target from the attacker, preventing a direct attack. Solid walls and deep trenches might provide total cover.

Note that the benefits of cover can depend on several factors, including how the characters is positioned, whether the character is prone, crouching or standing, where the opponent is, and the kind of weapon that they are using. This is why we do not talk about a character being "in cover" absolutely, but instead talk about a character "having partial cover against a particular attack."

Note that characters trying to move while crouching or prone behind cover are probably using unusual movement, as described above. Also, characters crouching behind many kinds of partial cover might be able to brace a weapon with the Prone tag, like a crossbow or hand-cannon; this would generally provide a +10 bonus to attacks.